From Why Can’t We All Just Get Along?
Jonathan Haidt of the University of Virginia and his colleagues have pinned down five basic “moral triggers,” or the factors people use to judge right from wrong and that have evolved in human societies. Different cultures and even individuals place more emphasis on certain triggers compared with others.
In a broad sense, they boil down to:
- Harm/care: People are sensitive to suffering and have negative feelings toward those who are harmful and cruel. They value kindness and compassion.
- Fairness/reciprocity: A history of cooperation means humans have evolved a sense of fairness and reciprocity, leading to altruistic actions.
- Ingroup/loyalty: People place moral value on those who do what’s good for the group; are loyal to the group; and dislike disloyal members.
- Authority/respect: Humans tend to respect authority and tradition.
- Purity/sanctity: The idea that we view our bodies as sacred. This idea ties into religious views about the body and human actions.
Studies have shown that liberals tend to care only about harm and fairness when considering whether something is moral or not, said Peter Ditto, a professor of psychology and social behavior at the University of California, Irvine, who is involved with Haidt’s research. In contrast, conservatives have a more traditional moral structure, and tend to care about all five morality factors, he said.
“So that’s where a lot of the problems come in, is that the things that really bother conservatives don’t bother liberals very much,” Ditto said. “And the two groups don’t understand each other’s morality very well.”
Take gay marriage, for example: “From a liberal standpoint, gay marriage isn’t a problem, it doesn’t harm anybody, and it’s only fair that gay people be allowed to be married just like straight people can,” Ditto said.
But for conservatives, gay marriage goes against the traditional idea of marriage, and so presents a real moral problem….
Of course, the idea of marriage being between one man and one woman is also Bible-mandated. So even just the fact that conservatives are more religious (on average) than liberals would skew the support/opposition for that issue.
Psychology research has also identified personality differences [e.g., conformity => conservativism] that might lead people to identify as either liberal or conservative.
“If you have a high need for certainty, you like things to be very sure or certain, [and] if you have a high need for order, if you tend to see lots of threats and danger out in the world, you’re more likely to identify as a conservative,” said Christopher M. Federico, a professor of psychology and political science at the University of Minnesota.
On the other hand, people with a lower need for certainty and order and who are less likely to see the world as a threatening place are more likely to identify as liberal, he said.
Plus, a greater competence in formal/abstract thought—which is a necessary condition for scoring well-above-average on IQ tests—is going to get you thinking about not merely the human rights of others (e.g., minorities) but also other “liberal” things like vegetarianism from an animal-rights perspective … with the predictable outcome of that being that liberals, on average, have notably higher IQs than conservatives (by a stunning difference of 106 vs. 95).
Contrast that with the one-dimensional, Steveospheric view of liberal motivations, as expounded by the Catholic Sailer himself:
I suspect … all that white liberals care about [is] feeling smarter than white conservatives….
Anyone even remotely interested in fairness would, of course, feel obliged to point out the different-but-equal ways in which (white) conservatives strive to feel superior to (white) others, e.g., in terms of financial status, rather than intellectual abilities … or even just to feel good about themselves, for example, in conservatives making themselves feel morally superior to others by doing “God’s will” as defined in the Bible—e.g., in terms of opposition to gay marriage and abortion—as opposed to liberals making themselves feel morally superior by, say, supporting the human rights of women and minorities. (When you compare the two approaches, the latter really is a case of moral superiority, while the former is just plain stupid; and as much as multiculturalism inherently doesn’t work, neither does conservative Christianity, e.g., for science and free-thinking, never mind in tolerance for gays, etc.)
And note: Sailer, as a good Catholic, is of course opposed to abortion. He couldn’t feel very good-and-moral about himself if he wasn’t, could he? Never mind that that opposition is scientifically indefensible: In the Steveosphere, science only matters when it supports HBD. Outside of that, the only way to fit in, in such a pool of global-warming deniers, is to be scientifically illiterate: accepting evolution while simply not worrying about at what point, exactly, a species descended from Great Apes supposedly started to possess a divinely-infused soul which will eternally outlast the body!
Is there a conceivable scenario in which liberals would have evolved to be overwhelmingly more status-conscious than conservatives are? No, there is not. In which case the worst thing you can say about the two sides, in blanket terms, is that they crave the very same status and feelings of moral superiority, but go about achieving that in different ways, within their respective in-groups.
If people like Sailer were interested in fairness, they would admit that painfully-obvious fact, now and then, rather than endlessly beating a dead horse about how voting for the “black” Obama “made [white] people feel better about themselves for liking him,” and indulged white liberals’ “desire to feel superior over other whites” … after eight years of Bush lying to and wantonly destroying the country, at a point where any alternative would have looked good by comparison, even if it wasn’t a “magical negro”!
